Break-adjusted stock. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Break-adjusted stock based on M3, M4 and M4x This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Data Were Computed From Wartime Current Prices Divided By Money Which Had Been Centered To June 30 For Each Year. Source: Simon Kuznets, NBER This NBER data series a14187 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: a14187

This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Break-adjusted stock This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1946 (3)--Original Data, 1955-1969 (4)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1969. Data Are For The Wednesday Nearest The End Of The Month. Source: Data Are Computed By NBER From The Sum Of Series 14125 (Currency Held By The Public) And Series 14145 (Demand Deposits Adjusted And Time Deposits All Commericial Banks); See Friedman And Schwartz, Monetary Statistics Of The United States (NBER, 1970). This NBER data series m14144a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14144a

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1946 (3)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1967. Data Are For The Middle Of The Month. Source: Direct From NBER Files This NBER data series m14195a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14195a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1914-1946 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1968. Data Were Derived From Series 14147 (Demand Deposits Adjusted Plus Currency Held By Public). Data Are For The Last Wednesday Of The Month, Except For January 1918-April 1921, Which Are For The Last Friday Of The Month. Data Are For Demand Deposits Plus Currency. Data Are For Percent Change Per Month. This Was Derived From Differences Between Logarithims Converted To Natural Logs. Source: Data For 1914-1942: Direct From NBER. Data For 1943-1945: NBER And The Federal Reserve Board. Data For 1946: Federal Reserve Board. This NBER data series m14190a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14190a

Break-adjusted stock. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

The currency component of M1, sometimes called "money stock currency," is defined as currency in circulation outside the U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve Banks. Data on total currency in circulation are obtained weekly from balance sheets of the Federal Reserve Banks and from the U.S. Treasury. Weekly currency in circulation data are published each week on the Federal Reserve Board's H.4.1 statistical release "Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions and Condition Statement of Federal Reserve Banks." Vault cash is reported on the FR 2900 and subtracted from total currency in circulation. For institutions that do not file the FR 2900, vault cash is estimated using data reported on the Call Reports.

The currency component of M1, sometimes called "money stock currency," is defined as currency in circulation outside the U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve Banks. Data on total currency in circulation are obtained weekly from balance sheets of the Federal Reserve Banks and from the U.S. Treasury. Weekly currency in circulation data are published each week on the Federal Reserve Board's H.4.1 statistical release "Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions and Condition Statement of Federal Reserve Banks." Vault cash is reported on the FR 2900 and subtracted from total currency in circulation. For institutions that do not file the FR 2900, vault cash is estimated using data reported on the Call Reports.

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1914-1946 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1968. Data Are Averages Of Daily Figures At Annual Rates. Data Are For Demand Deposits Plus Currency. Data For 1948-1968 Comprise Two Types Of Percent Changes Regarding Continuity, Both Of Which Are Considered Comparable. Source: U.S Census Bureau, Busness Cycle Developments, November 1966 And Following Issues. This NBER data series m14190b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14190b

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1946 (3)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1967. Data Are For End Of The Month. Source: Federal Reserve Board, Unpublished Tables; Federal Reserve Bulletin. This NBER data series m14195b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14195b

Monthly data is taken as the average of daily data. Aggregate of Relevant Foreign Currency Positions, Securities Portfolio, and Money Market Transactions of SNB minus the balance of the remaining balance sheet positions. In order to fully understand the values in this series, it is necessary to consult the corresponding publication document provided at https://data.snb.ch/en/topics/texts#!/doc/explanations_snb

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MABMM301 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MABMM301 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MABMM301 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MABMM301 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MABMM301 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: CAN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: CAN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: CAN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

M2 comprises notes and coins in circulation outside banking corporations; demand and savings deposits, fixed and installment savings deposits, time deposits, and certificates of deposit of households, nonfinancial corporations, local governments, securities companies, Tanshi companies, and some other financial corporations such as securities finance companies with banking corporations in national and foreign currency; and nonresident deposits with banking corporations in national currency. Beginning in April 2003, M2 comprises notes and coins in circulation outside depository corporations and demand and savings deposits, fixed and installment savings deposits, time deposits, and certificates of deposit of households, nonfinancial corporations, local governments, and some other financial corporations such as securities finance companies with banking corporations in national and foreign currency. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

M1 comprises notes and coins in circulation outside banking corporations and demand and savings deposits of households, nonfinancial corporations, local governments, securities companies, Tanshi companies, and some other financial corporations such as securities finance companies with banking corporations in national currency. The banking corporations surveyed comprise the BOJ, domestically licensed banks (excluding Japan Post Bank), foreign-owned banks in Japan, Shinkin Central Bank, Shinkin banks, Norinchukin Bank, and Shoko Chukin Bank. Beginning in April 2003, M1 comprises notes and coins in circulation outside depository corporations and demand and savings deposits of households, nonfinancial corporations, local governments, and some other financial corporations such as securities finance companies with depository corporations in national currency. The depository corporations surveyed comprise the above-mentioned "banking corporations", Japan Post Bank, Shinkumi Federation Bank, Shinkumi banks, Rokinren Bank, labor banks, Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, Prefectural Credit Federations of Fishery Cooperatives, and fishery coops. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

M1 comprises notes and coins in circulation outside banking corporations and demand and savings deposits of households, nonfinancial corporations, local governments, securities companies, Tanshi companies, and some other financial corporations such as securities finance companies with banking corporations in national currency. The banking corporations surveyed comprise the BOJ, domestically licensed banks (excluding Japan Post Bank), foreign-owned banks in Japan, Shinkin Central Bank, Shinkin banks, Norinchukin Bank, and Shoko Chukin Bank. Beginning in April 2003, M1 comprises notes and coins in circulation outside depository corporations and demand and savings deposits of households, nonfinancial corporations, local governments, and some other financial corporations such as securities finance companies with depository corporations in national currency. The depository corporations surveyed comprise the above-mentioned "banking corporations", Japan Post Bank, Shinkumi Federation Bank, Shinkumi banks, Rokinren Bank, labor banks, Prefectural Credit Federations of Agricultural Cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, Prefectural Credit Federations of Fishery Cooperatives, and fishery coops. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

OECD descriptor ID: MABMBM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MABMBM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MABMBM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

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OECD descriptor ID: MABMM201 OECD unit ID: STSA OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MABMM201 OECD unit ID: ST OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MABMM201 OECD unit ID: STSA OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

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OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

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OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

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OECD descriptor ID: MANMNM01 OECD unit ID: IXOBSA OECD country ID: CHE All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MABMBM01 OECD unit ID: GPSA OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission